Requirements and Competencies
Therapeutic Recreation Requirements and Competensies
Related Fields
Physical Therapy
Occupational Therapy
Respiratory Therapy
Music Therapy
Equine Therapy
Marriage and Family Therapy
Therapeutic Recreation Terminology
Glossary of Terminology
Historic Timeline
35,000 BC Homo Sapiens invent art
2600 BC Chinese taught that disease was caused by organic inactivity and thus used physical training for the promotion of health.
2000-1500 BC The Egyptians described diversion and recreation as a means of treating the sick.
400 BC Socrates and 347 BC Plato understood the relationship between physical status and mental health.
359 BC Hippocrates (460-361), the father of medicine, recommended that their patients exercise in the gymnasium as a means of recovering from illness.
340 BC Aristotle felt that the "education of the body must precede that of the intellect."
100 BC-4 AD The Roman Asclepiades advocated massage, therapeutic baths, and exercise for improving diseased conditions. He also recommended activity treatment for patients with mental diseases. This included diversions and entertainment, but only the diversional value was recognized
477-900 The Dark Ages, the mental and physical influences of play were regarded by the Church to be evil.
900-1453 The Middle Ages, Middle Eastern scholars protect and develop the ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman knowledge. 476-1453
1454-1605 The Renaissance, the mental and physical influences of play are again recognized after Arabic texts are translated into German
1780 Clement Joseph Tissot publishes the book "Gymnastique Medicinale et Churgicale" recommending "prescribed craft and recreational activities as therapeutic exercise for the treatment of disabled muscles and joints following disease or injury."
1801 Pinel publishes a book "Medical philosophical treatise on mental alienation" describing the method as "prescribed physical exercises and manual occupations." It is the first reference in literature to the medically prescribed use of activity for remediation.
1810 Rush, in an address to the Board of the Pennsylvania Hospital, advised that "certain kinds of labor, exercise, and amusements be contrived for them, which should act at the same time, upon their bodies and minds.
1816 Samuel Tuke, an English Quaker, established a Retreat Asylum for the Insane at York, England.
1841 The first structure for the Pennsylvania Asylum for the Insane was completed in 1841. The facility offered comforts, "humane treatment" philosophy, and mental health treatment programs that set a standard for its day. Unlike other asylums where patients were often kept chained in crowded, unsanitary wards with little if any treatment, patients at the Pennsylvania Asylum resided in private rooms, received medical treatment, worked outdoors and enjoyed recreational activities including lectures and a use of the hospital library. The facility came to be called "Kirkbride's Hospital."
1854 Florence Nightengale provides recreation to casualties of the Crimean War dubbing her the Mother of Hospital Recreation.
1906 National Recreation Association founded
1914 WWI Begins in Europe
1918 Army Medical Department Bulletin a-329 outlines qualifications and job description for reconstruction aides, as "civilian employees whose province is to teach various forms of simple hand craft to patients in military hospitals and other sanitary formations of the Army, especially to those patients in the orthopedic and surgical wards as well as to the patients suffering from nervous or mental diseases." An undated War Department memorandum authorized a metal "R.A." 1/2 inch in height to be worn on the collar
1935 Davis publishes "Recreational Therapy, Play and Mental Health."
1938 American Association for Health and Physical Education, adds Recreation to the name, becomes AAHPER
1941 The US enters WWII, ends 1945
1953 National Association of Recreational Therapists (NART) is established Feb
1966 The NRA and ARS merge into the National Recreation and Parks Association (NRPA
1973 PL 93-113 Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504
1974 PL 94-142 Education for All Handicapped
1984 The American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA)
1989 Ashley Spratling, future CTRS, is born in Pendleton, Oregon.
2011 Ashley Spratling has first experience with therapeutic recreation, when playing with kittens.
2012 Ashley Spratling begins studying Therapeutic Recreation at Brigham Young University.
2016 Ashley Spratling graduates from Brigham Young University, passes National Certification Exam, and officially begins practice as a CTRS.
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